Dragon fruit is a tropical fruit that has become increasingly popular in recent years.
Though people primarily enjoy it for its unique look and taste, evidence suggests it may provide health benefits as well.
This article takes a look at dragon fruit, including its nutrition, benefits, and how to eat it.
What Is Dragon Fruit?
Dragon fruit grows on the Hylocereus cactus, also known as the Honolulu queen, whose flowers only open at night.
The plant is native to southern Mexico and Central America. Today, it is grown all over the world.
It goes by many names, including pitaya, pitahaya, and strawberry pear.
The two most common types have bright red skin with green scales that resemble a dragon — hence the name.
The most widely available variety has white pulp with black seeds, though a less common type with red pulp and black seeds exists as well.
Another variety — referred to as yellow dragon fruit — has yellow skin and white pulp with black seeds.
Dragon fruit may look exotic, but its flavors are similar to other fruits. Its taste has been described as a slightly sweet cross between a kiwi and a pear.
SUMMARY: Dragon fruit is a tropical fruit native to Mexico and Central America. Its taste is like a combination of a kiwi and a pear.
Nutrition Facts
Dragon fruit contains small amounts of several nutrients. It’s also a decent source of iron, magnesium, and fiber.
Here are the nutrition facts for a serving of 3.5 ounces, or 100 grams :
- Calories: 60
- Protein: 1.2 grams
- Fat: 0 grams
- Carbs: 13 grams
- Fiber: 3 grams
- Vitamin C: 3% of the RDI
- Iron: 4% of the RDI
- Magnesium: 10% of the RDI
Given the high amount of fiber and magnesium, as well as the extremely low calorie content, dragon fruit can be considered a highly nutrient-dense fruit.
SUMMARY: Dragon fruit is a low-calorie fruit that is high in fiber and provides a good amount of several vitamins and minerals.
Provides Several Antioxidants
Dragon fruit contains several types of antioxidants.
These are compounds that protect your cells from unstable molecules called free radicals, which are linked to chronic diseases and aging .
These are some of the main antioxidants contained in dragon fruit pulp :
- Betalains: Found in the pulp of red dragon fruit, these deep red pigments have been shown to protect “bad” LDL cholesterol from becoming oxidized or damaged .
- Hydroxycinnamates: This group of compounds has demonstrated anticancer activity in test-tube and animal studies.
- Flavonoids: This large, diverse group of antioxidants is linked to better brain health and a reduced risk of heart disease .
One study compared the antioxidant properties of 17 tropical fruits and berries.
While dragon fruit’s antioxidant capacity was not especially high, it was found to be best at protecting certain fatty acids from free radical damage
SUMMARY: Dragon fruit contains several antioxidants that protect your cells from damage. These include betalains, hydroxycinnamates, and flavonoids.
Potential Health Benefits
Animal studies suggest that dragon fruit may provide various health benefits.
Many of these are likely due to its fiber and antioxidant content.
Both red and white varieties of dragon fruit have been shown to reduce insulin resistance and fatty liver in obese mice .
In one study, mice on a high-fat diet who received an extract of the fruit gained less weight and had reductions in liver fat, insulin resistance, and inflammation, which were attributed in part to beneficial changes in gut bacteria.
Dragon fruit contains prebiotic fiber that promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria in your gut — potentially improving metabolic health (14).
Although this fruit may improve certain features of metabolic syndrome — a condition associated with type 2 diabetes — not all effects may be favorable.
In a study in mice on a high-fat, high-carb diet, the group that received dragon fruit juice had better blood sugar responses and reductions in some liver enzyme markers, while another liver enzyme marker significantly increased .
In another study, rats with diabetes treated with an extract from the fruit had a 35% reduction in malondialdehyde, a marker of free-radical damage. They also had less arterial stiffness, compared to the control group .
Study results on the effects of dragon fruit on type 2 diabetes in people are inconsistent, and more research is needed to confirm these beneficial effects
SUMMARY: Animal studies suggest that dragon fruit may improve insulin resistance, liver fat, and heart health. However, the results of human studies are inconsistent.
Adverse Effects
Overall, dragon fruit appears to be safe. However, people may develop an allergic reaction in some rare cases.
In two cases, women with no history of food allergies developed anaphylactic reactions after consuming a fruit mixture that contained dragon fruit. Testing confirmed that they had antibodies against dragon fruit in their blood
These are the only two reported allergic reactions at this point, but other people may be allergic to this fruit without knowing it.
How to Eat It
Though it may look intimidating, dragon fruit is very easy to eat.
Here’s how to eat dragon fruit:
- Select a ripe fruit with bright red, evenly colored skin that gives slightly when squeezed.
- Use a sharp knife and cut straight through the fruit, slicing it in half.
- You can use a spoon to eat the fruit out of the skin or peel the skin off and slice the pulp into small pieces.
Ideas for serving dragon fruit:
- Simply slice it up and eat it as is.
- Chop it into small pieces and top with Greek yogurt and chopped nuts.
- Include it in a salad.
SUMMARY: Dragon fruit is easy to prepare and can be enjoyed on its own or paired with other foods in healthy recipes.
The Bottom Line
Dragon fruit is a low-calorie fruit that contains less sugar and fewer carbs than many other tropical fruits.
It may offer some health benefits, but human studies are needed to verify this.
Overall, dragon fruit is unique, incredibly tasty, and can add variety to your diet.
7 Great Reasons to Add Dragon Fruit to Your Diet
Dragon fruit, also known as pitahaya or strawberry pear, is a tropical fruit known for its vibrant red skin and sweet, seed-speckled pulp.
Its unique look and acclaimed superfood powers have made it popular among foodies and the health-conscious.
Luckily, you don’t have to live in the tropics to enjoy the many benefits of dragon fruit. In fact, you can find it fresh or frozen in supermarkets worldwide.
Here are 7 health benefits of dragon fruit, all based on evidence.
1. High in Nutrients
Dragon fruit is low in calories but packed with essential vitamins and minerals. It also contains a substantial amount of dietary fiber.
Here’s a rundown of the main nutrients in a one-cup serving (227 grams).
- Calories: 136
- Protein: 3 grams
- Fat: 0 grams
- Carbohydrates: 29 grams
- Fiber: 7 grams
- Iron: 8% of the RDI
- Magnesium: 18% of the RDI
- Vitamin C: 9% of the RDI
- Vitamin E: 4% of the RDI
Beyond essential nutrients, dragon fruit supplies beneficial plant compounds like polyphenols, carotenoids and betacyanins.
SUMMARY: Dragon fruit is low in calories but rich in vitamins, minerals and beneficial plant compounds such as polyphenols, carotenoids and betacyanins.
2. May Help Fight Chronic Disease
Free radicals are unstable molecules that cause cell damage, which may lead to inflammation and disease.
One way to combat this is by eating antioxidant-rich foods like dragon fruit.
Antioxidants work by neutralizing free radicals, thus preventing cell damage and inflammation.
Studies suggest that diets high in antioxidants may help prevent chronic diseases such as heart disease, cancer, diabetes and arthritis.
Dragon fruit contains several types of potent antioxidants, including:
- Vitamin C: Observational studies have found correlations between vitamin C intake and cancer risk. For example, a study in 120,852 people associated higher intakes of vitamin C with lower rates of head and neck cancer.
- Betalains: Test-tube studies indicate betalains can combat oxidative stress and may have the ability to suppress cancer cells.
- Carotenoids: Beta-carotene and lycopene are the plant pigments that give dragon fruit its vibrant color. Diets rich in carotenoids have been linked to a reduced risk of cancer and heart disease.
Importantly, antioxidants work best when eaten naturally in food, rather than in pill form or as a supplement. In fact, antioxidant supplements may have harmful effects, and taking them without medical supervision is not recommended.
On the other hand, dragon fruit is highly recommended.
SUMMARY: Dragon fruit contains the antioxidants vitamin C, beta-carotene, lycopene and betalain. Studies have linked diets high in antioxidants to a reduced risk of chronic disease.
3. Loaded With Fiber
Dietary fibers are nondigestible carbohydrates that boast an extensive list of potential health benefits.
Health authorities recommend 25 grams of fiber per day for women and 38 grams for men. Like antioxidants, fiber supplements do not have the same health benefits as fiber from foods.
With 7 grams per one-cup serving, dragon fruit is an excellent whole-food source.
Although fiber is probably most well known for its role in digestion, research has suggested it may also play a role in protecting against heart disease, managing type 2 diabetes and maintaining a healthy body weight.
Although more research is needed, some observational studies suggest that diets high in fiber may protect against colon cancer.
While no studies have linked dragon fruit to any of these conditions, its high-fiber content can help you meet your recommended daily values.
However, it’s important to note that high-fiber diets can have drawbacks, especially if you’re accustomed to a low-fiber diet. To avoid stomach discomfort, increase your intake of dietary fiber gradually and drink plenty of fluids.
SUMMARY: Dragon fruit offers 7 grams of fiber per serving, making it an excellent choice for meeting your daily fiber needs.
4. Promotes a Healthy Gut
Your gut is home to some 100 trillion diverse microorganisms, including more than 400 species of bacteria.
Many researchers believe this community of microorganisms may impact your health. Both human and animal studies have associated imbalances in your gut to conditions like asthma and heart disease.
Given that dragon fruit contains prebiotics, it can potentially improve the balance of good bacteria in your gut.
Prebiotics are a specific type of fiber that promotes the growth of healthy bacteria in your gut.
Like all fibers, your gut cannot break them down. However, the bacteria in your gut can digest them. They use the fiber as fuel for growth, and you reap the benefits.
In particular, dragon fruit mainly promotes the growth of two families of healthy bacteria: lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria.
Regularly consuming prebiotics may reduce the risk of infection in your digestive tract and diarrhea. This is because prebiotics promote the growth of good bacteria, which researchers believe may outcompete the bad.
For example, a study in travelers showed that those who consumed prebiotics before and during travel experienced fewer and less severe episodes of traveler’s diarrhea.
Some studies also suggest prebiotics may ease symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer. Unfortunately, these findings are inconsistent.
While much of the research on prebiotics is favorable, the research on the prebiotic activity of dragon fruit is limited to test-tube studies. More studies are needed to determine its true effect on the human gut.
SUMMARY: Dragon fruit may promote the growth of healthy bacteria in the gut, which is associated with a healthy gastrointestinal tract.
5. Strengthens Your Immune System
Your body’s ability to fight infection is determined by several different factors, including the quality of your diet.
The vitamin C and carotenoids in dragon fruit may boost your immune system and prevent infection by protecting your white blood cells from damage.
The white blood cells in your immune system attack and destroy harmful substances. However, they are extremely sensitive to damage by free radicals.
As potent antioxidants, vitamin C and carotenoids can neutralize free radicals and defend your white blood cells against harm.
SUMMARY: Dragon fruit’s high supply of vitamin C and carotenoids may offer immune-boosting properties.
6. May Boost Low Iron Levels
Dragon fruit is one of the few fresh fruits that contain iron.
Iron plays a crucial role in transporting oxygen throughout your body. It also plays an important role in breaking down food into energy.
Unfortunately, many people do not get enough iron. In fact, it has been estimated that 30% of the world’s population is deficient in iron, making it the most common nutrient deficiency worldwide.
To combat low iron levels, it’s important to consume a variety of iron-rich foods. Rich sources of iron include meats, fish, legumes, nuts and cereals.
Dragon fruit may be another great option, as one serving contains 8% of your recommended daily intake (RDI). It also contains vitamin C, which helps your body absorb iron.
SUMMARY: Dragon fruit supplies iron along with vitamin C, a combination that may improve your body’s absorption of this important mineral.
7. Good Source of Magnesium
Dragon fruit offers more magnesium than most fruits, with 18% of your RDI in just one cup.
On average, your body contains 24g of magnesium, or roughly one ounce .
Despite this seemingly small amount, the mineral is present in every one of your cells and takes part in over 600 important chemical reactions within your body.
For example, it takes part in reactions needed for the breakdown of food into energy, muscle contraction, bone formation and even the creation of DNA.
More studies are needed, but some indicate that higher intakes of magnesium may reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke.
Studies also show that diets adequate in magnesium support bone health.
SUMMARY: Dragon fruit is a great source of magnesium, a nutrient needed for over 600 biochemical reactions in your body.
How to Eat Dragon Fruit
While dragon fruit’s thick, leathery skin can be intimidating, eating this fruit is quite simple.
The trick is finding one that is perfectly ripe.
An unripe dragon fruit will be green. Look for one that is bright red. Some spots are normal, but too many bruise-like splotches can indicate that it’s overripe. Like avocado and kiwi, a ripe dragon fruit should be soft but not mushy.
Here’s how to eat a fresh dragon fruit:
- Using a sharp knife, cut it in half lengthwise.
- Scoop out the fruit with a spoon, or cut it into cubes by cutting vertical and horizontal lines into the pulp without cutting into the peel. Push on the back of the skin to expose the cubes and remove them with a spoon or your fingers.
- To enjoy, add it to salads, smoothies and yogurt, or simply snack on it by itself.
You can also find dragon fruit in the frozen section of some grocery stores, pre-peeled and cut into cubes. This is a convenient option for a tasty snack that packs a nutrient-dense punch.
SUMMARY: Dragon fruit is surprisingly simple to prepare and can be eaten by itself or added to salads, smoothies and yogurt.
The Bottom Line
Dragon fruit is a delicious tropical fruit that’s definitely worth trying.
It tastes amazing, offers a pop of color to your plate and supplies essential nutrients, prebiotic fibers and beneficial plant compounds — all in a low-calorie serving.
If you’re looking for a way to add some variety to your fruit intake, dragon fruit is a delicious option with many potential health benefits.
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